The Middle East Strategic Balance 2003-2004 | INSS
go to header go to content go to footer go to search
INSS logo The Institute for National Security Studies, Strategic, Innovative, Policy-Oriented Research, go to the home page
INSS
Tel Aviv University logo - beyond an external website, opens on a new page
  • Campus
  • Contact
  • עברית
  • Support Us
  • Research
    • Topics
      • Israel and the Global Powers
        • Israel-United States Relations
        • Glazer Israel-China Policy Center
        • Russia
        • Europe
        • Antisemitism and Delegitimization
      • Iran and the Shi'ite Axis
        • Operation Roaring Lion
        • Iran
        • Lebanon and Hezbollah
        • Syria
        • Yemen and the Houthi Movement
        • Iraq and the Iraqi Shiite Militias
      • Conflict to Agreements
        • Israeli-Palestinian Relations
        • Hamas and the Gaza Strip
        • Peace Agreements and Normalization in the Middle East
        • Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States
        • Turkey
        • Egypt
        • Jordan
      • Israel’s National Security Policy
        • Military and Strategic Affairs
        • Societal Resilience and the Israeli Society
        • Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel
        • Climate, Infrastructure and Energy
        • Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict
      • Cross-Arena Research
        • Data Analytics Center
        • Law and National Security
        • Advanced Technologies and National Security
        • Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference
        • Economics and National Security
    • Projects
      • Preventing the Slide into a One-State Reality
  • Publications
    • -
      • All Publications
      • INSS Insight
      • Policy Papers
      • Special Publication
      • Strategic Assessment
      • Technology Platform
      • Memoranda
      • Posts
      • Books
      • Archive
  • Database
    • Surveys
    • Spotlight
    • Maps
    • Dashboards
  • Events
  • Team
  • About
    • Vision and Mission
    • History
    • Research Disciplines
    • Chairman of the Board
    • Board of Directors
    • Fellowship and Prizes
    • Internships
  • Media
    • Communications
    • Video gallery
    • Press Releases
  • Podcast
  • Newsletter
  • Campus
Search in site
  • Research
    • Topics
    • Israel and the Global Powers
    • Israel-United States Relations
    • Glazer Israel-China Policy Center
    • Russia
    • Europe
    • Antisemitism and Delegitimization
    • Iran and the Shi'ite Axis
    • Operation Roaring Lion
    • Iran
    • Lebanon and Hezbollah
    • Syria
    • Yemen and the Houthi Movement
    • Iraq and the Iraqi Shiite Militias
    • Conflict to Agreements
    • Israeli-Palestinian Relations
    • Hamas and the Gaza Strip
    • Peace Agreements and Normalization in the Middle East
    • Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States
    • Turkey
    • Egypt
    • Jordan
    • Israel’s National Security Policy
    • Military and Strategic Affairs
    • Societal Resilience and the Israeli Society
    • Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel
    • Climate, Infrastructure and Energy
    • Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict
    • Cross-Arena Research
    • Data Analytics Center
    • Law and National Security
    • Advanced Technologies and National Security
    • Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference
    • Economics and National Security
    • Projects
    • Preventing the Slide into a One-State Reality
  • Publications
    • All Publications
    • INSS Insight
    • Policy Papers
    • Special Publication
    • Strategic Assessment
    • Technology Platform
    • Memoranda
    • Posts
    • Books
    • Archive
  • Database
    • Surveys
    • Spotlight
    • Maps
    • Dashboards
  • Events
  • Team
  • About
    • Vision and Mission
    • History
    • Research Disciplines
    • Chairman of the Board
    • Board of Directors
    • Fellowship and Prizes
    • Internships
    • Privacy Policy and Terms of Use
  • Media
    • Communications
    • Video gallery
    • Press Releases
  • Podcast
  • Newsletter
  • Campus
  • Contact
  • עברית
  • Support Us
bool(false)

Publications

Home Publications The Middle East Strategic Balance The Middle East Strategic Balance 2003-2004

The Middle East Strategic Balance 2003-2004

Sussex Academic Press (Brighton) and The Jaffee Center for Strategic tudies,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 2004.

Based on unique sources and professional assessment the 2003-2004 Strategic Balance presents an accurate and comprehensive military posture of the countries in the Middle East. Up-to-date figures and information on defense budgets, procurement, equipment holdings, military deployments, WMD listings, and foreign aid; and key components of military force structures such as major changes to the orders of battle, and a survey of personnel, weapons and equipment holdings, non-conventional capabilities and ballistic missiles, are presented in accessible and easy to use formats.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Part I: Middle East Strategic Assessment

Chapter 1 / The Middle East in Transition: An Overview / Ephraim Kam

United States Involvement

The Evolving Reality in Iraq

Regional Ramifications of the Iraq War

Pressures on Iraq

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

The Stability of Middle East Regimes

Israel and the Region at Large

Chapter 2 / The Middle East on the Global Agenda / Mark A. Heller

The Western Agenda

The Greater Middle East Initiative

Chapter 3 / International Terrorism in the Shadow of the Iraq War / Yoram Schweitzer

The Spread of Suicide Terrorism

The Low Intensity Conflict in Iraq

Al-Qaeda and its Affiliates Beyond Iraq

Successes and Challenges in the War against Al-Qaeda

Chapter 4 / WMD Proliferation Trends and Strategies of Control / Emily B. Landau and Ram Erez

New Proliferation Concerns

State-by-State Review

Reflections an Proliferation

Chapter 5 / Challenges Facing Middle East Economies / Paul Rivlin

Principal Economic Trends

Economies in Brief

Underlying Problems in Arab Economies

Chapter 6 / The Egyptian Armed Forces / Shlomo Brom and Yiftah S. Shapir

The Order-of-Battle

The Balance of Power with Israel

Is a Military Confrontation Realistic?

Chapter 7 / Israel at a Strategic Crossroads / Shai Feldman

Israel's International Standing

The Palestinian Challenge

Israel's Unilateral Measures

Marketing the Disengagement Plan

An Interim Assessment

Chapter 8 / The Intifada: The Dynamics of an Ongoing Conflict / Anat Kurz

The Dynamics of Violence

Undermining the PA's Stature

The Politics of Violence: For and Against a Hudna

The Challenge of Disengagement

Looking Forward

Chapter 9 / The 2004 Strategic Balance: A Net Assessment / Meir Elran

The General Strategic Balance

The Military Balance

The Sub-Conventional Security Balance

Israel's Vantage

Documents on Israel's Disengagement Plan

Ariel Sharon's Four-Stage Disengagement Plan, May 28, 2004

President Bush's Letter to Israeli Prime Minister Sharon, April 14, 2004

Letter from Dov Weisglass to Dr. Condoleeza Rice

 

Part II: Military Forces

Introductory Note

Review of Armed Forces

  1. Algeria
  2. Bahrain
  3. Egypt
  4. Iran
  5. Iraq
  6. Israel
  7. Jordan
  8. Kuwait
  9. Lebanon
  10. Libya
  11. Morocco
  12. Oman
  13. Palestinian Authority
  14. Qatar
  15. Saudi Arabia
  16. Sudan
  17. Syria
  18. Tunisia
  19. Turkey
  20. United Arab Emirates
  21. Yemen

Tables

The Middle East Military Balance at a Glance

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Space Assets

Charts

The Eastern Mediterranean Military Forces

The Persian Gulf Military Forces

The North African Military Forces

Contributors

The opinions expressed in INSS publications are the authors’ alone.
Publication Series The Middle East Strategic Balance
TopicsIsrael-United States RelationsIsraeli-Palestinian RelationsMilitary and Strategic AffairsTerrorism and Low Intensity Conflict

Events

All events
Iran, US, Israel, and the Global Jewish Community
10 March, 2026
12:00 - 13:00
Shutterstock

Related Publications

All publications
The Iran War and the Politicization of the US–Israel Relationship
The Israeli-American war is speeding up U.S. trends of falling support for Israel and pushback against the traditional alliance. What can be done to prevent the further politicization of these strong bilateral ties?
26/03/26
Shutterstock
The Pentagon’s AI-First Doctrine and Its Implications for Modern Warfare: Lessons from the Conflict with Iran
How has the new US policy—under which AI is positioned as a foundational component in the chain of command, intelligence gathering, and the planning of complex operations—been reflected on the battlefield, and what conclusions should be drawn in Israel?
19/03/26
Shutterstock
The Campaign in Iran and the American Considerations: Between Maximizing Military Achievement and the Need for Restraint
Trump's decision point on whether to continue the war in Iran — and the implications for Israel
12/03/26

Stay up to date

Registration was successful! Thanks.
  • Research

    • Topics
      • Israel and the Global Powers
      • Israel-United States Relations
      • Glazer Israel-China Policy Center
      • Russia
      • Europe
      • Antisemitism and Delegitimization
      • Iran and the Shi'ite Axis
      • Operation Roaring Lion
      • Iran
      • Lebanon and Hezbollah
      • Syria
      • Yemen and the Houthi Movement
      • Iraq and the Iraqi Shiite Militias
      • Conflict to Agreements
      • Israeli-Palestinian Relations
      • Hamas and the Gaza Strip
      • Peace Agreements and Normalization in the Middle East
      • Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States
      • Turkey
      • Egypt
      • Jordan
      • Israel’s National Security Policy
      • Military and Strategic Affairs
      • Societal Resilience and the Israeli Society
      • Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel
      • Climate, Infrastructure and Energy
      • Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict
      • Cross-Arena Research
      • Data Analytics Center
      • Law and National Security
      • Advanced Technologies and National Security
      • Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference
      • Economics and National Security
    • Projects
      • Preventing the Slide into a One-State Reality
  • Publications

    • All Publications
    • INSS Insight
    • Policy Papers
    • Special Publication
    • Strategic Assessment
    • Technology Platform
    • Memoranda
    • Database
    • Posts
    • Books
    • Archive
  • About

    • Vision and Mission
    • History
    • Research Disciplines
    • Chairman of the Board
    • Board of Directors
    • Fellowship and Prizes
    • Internships
    • Support
    • Privacy Policy and Terms of Use
  • Media

    • Communications
    • Video Gallery
    • Press Release
    • Podcast
  • Home

  • Events

  • Database

  • Team

  • Contact

  • Newsletter

  • עברית

INSS logo The Institute for National Security Studies, Strategic, Innovative, Policy-Oriented Research, go to the home page
40 Haim Levanon St. Tel Aviv, 6997556 Israel | Tel: 03-640-0400 | Fax: 03-744-7590 | Email: info@inss.org.il
Developed by Daat ,Yael Group.
Accessibility Statement
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.