The INSS research program on relations between the Jewish majority and the Arab minority in Israel was established in 2012, based on a recognition of the importance of the subject for an understanding of the complexity of internal Israeli aspects of national security. While the Institute for National Security Studies focuses intensively on a wide range of issues raised by external threats, the program that studies Jewish-Arab relations deals with the threats to national security from within Israeli society itself. Among the internal threats to Israel's security, the tension between the Jewish majority and the Arab minority represents an important danger, but also reflects a vital opportunity for the future of Israeli society.