The question “When does anti-Zionism become antisemitism?” has become one of the most common ways of framing contemporary debates about Jews, Israel, and discrimination. Yet for policymakers, this may not be the most useful question. It assumes that the central task is to classify anti-Zionism as an idea before addressing its consequences. A more practical approach would ask how anti-Zionism operates in contemporary political life: whom it targets, what burdens it places on Jews and Israelis, and whether it denies Jews forms of...
This article examines the document that Hamas published in December 2025 summarizing the war and, in particular, the intensifying battle of narratives between Hamas and Israel. Hamas addresses three target audiences: the Palestinian and Arab public, Israel, and the international community. The article focuses especially on Hamas’s appeal to Western audiences, primarily in English, and its use of Western concepts, such as referring to Hamas terrorists as “freedom fighters.” Hamas also employs gaslighting tactics and makes...
Recent accusations that Israel is committing genocide, enforcing apartheid, and practicing settler-colonialism did not arise in a vacuum. Their intellectual lineage traces back to UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted fifty years ago, which declared that “Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.” Although repealed in 1991, the resolution’s underlying logic endures. This paper traces how the Zionism = racism formula—conceived in Soviet Cold War propaganda—was institutionalized through UN bodies, NGO networks, and...
