Artificial intelligence is not only altering the processing capabilities of computers, but also creating a new economy based on the token as the central unit of measurement for model usage, the demand for computing power, and the economic cost of operating them. The token reflects the scope of inference work—the processing performed by the model in real time—and therefore serves as a direct metric for the consumption of computing resources, including graphics processing units (GPUs), data centers, and energy. In this sense, the token...
The global race for artificial intelligence is fundamentally reshaping how states perceive technological infrastructure. While competition in recent decades revolved around control over data, digital platforms, and AI models, it has become clear that a nation’s strategic advantage will now largely be determined by its control over the physical AI value chain—spanning critical minerals, advanced chip manufacturing, high-performance computing (Compute) infrastructure, data centers, energy, and frontier models. The competition is...
The restrictions recently imposed on Anthropic — including the U.S. administration’s directive to limit access to certain models for users and entities outside the United States on national security grounds[1] — constitute a significant milestone in the evolving relationship between technology, national security, and foreign policy. Whereas over the past decade, the discourse surrounding digital sovereignty has focused on issues such as privacy, data localization, regulation, and cloud infrastructure, recent developments point to a...
In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence into defense systems has evolved from a decision-support tool into a strategic infrastructure shaping the conduct of war. Within this trend, the Pentagon’s adoption of the AI-First doctrine marks a significant conceptual shift from the limited integration of artificial intelligence systems to a systemic approach in which AI becomes a foundational component in the chain of command, in intelligence collection and analysis, and in the planning of multi-theater operations. This...
Digital sovereignty has, in recent years, become one of the central components of national power, economic resilience, and security. Artificial intelligence, cloud computing, data, and capital-intensive computing infrastructure constitute foundational elements for governmental, military, and economic activity. Accordingly, control over digital infrastructure is not merely a technological or economic issue but a strategic concern of the highest order.
Israel, as a powerhouse of technological innovation, currently finds itself in a...
