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Protest in the Gaza Strip during the Swords of Iron War

Rebecca Meller, Orit Perlov, Mora Deitch

Spotlight, June 15, 2025

 Since the renewal of fighting in the Gaza Strip, Gaza’s internal front has shown notable signs of change. Feelings of rage, despair, and a growing lack of trust in Hamas’s military and civilian leadership are laying the foundation for an internal uprising that could shake the political balance in the Strip. The slogan “Their lives are not worth more than our lives” reflects a fundamental shift in perception and a breaking of the barrier of fear. Demonstrators have been seen raising white flags—a clear symbol of surrender. Signs of...
Media type: Database | Topics: Data Analytics Center, Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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The Appointment of Hussein al-Sheikh as PLO Deputy Chairman and the Reforms in the Palestinian Authority—A Unifying Move or a Source of Division?

Yohanan Tzoreff

INSS Insight No. 1982, May 15, 2025

As part of the reforms recently announced by Mahmoud Abbas, the PLO Central Council approved the appointment of Hussein al-Sheikh as deputy chairman of the organization—a position that did not previously exist. This step reflects Abbas’s response to pressure exerted by Arab states, chiefly Saudi Arabia, as well as other countries including the United States, in light of the complex ramifications of the war in the Gaza Strip and Abbas’s own intense anger—shared by Arab governments and Arab media—toward Hamas. This move is also likely...
Media type: INSS Insight | Topics: Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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The Debate That Isn’t Happening: “Gideon’s Chariots” vs. the Egyptian Plan

Ofer Guterman, Udi Dekel

INSS Insight No. 1980, May 14, 2025

The Israeli government has authorized the IDF to finalize preparations for “Gideon’s Chariots”—a plan to conquer the Gaza Strip and defeat Hamas, concentrate the population of the Strip in its southern region, and encourage emigration from it. The execution of this plan would come at a heavy cost: the killing of hostages and the loss of information regarding their whereabouts; additional casualties within the IDF; a decreasing likelihood of achieving normalization with Saudi Arabia; a deepening of internal divisions in Israel due to...
Media type: INSS Insight | Topics: Hamas and the Gaza Strip, Israeli-Palestinian Relations, Swords of Iron War
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Ramadan 2025: Rise in Worshippers Amid a Decline in Violence

Rebecca Meller

Spotlight, May 11, 2025

Tensions during the month of Ramadan, which took place from February 27 to March 29, stem from a number of factors that influenced the dynamics between Israel and the Palestinians. First, the religious importance of Ramadan leads to a significant increase in the number of Muslim worshippers seeking to access the holy sites, particularly the al-Aqsa Mosque. This increase in the number of worshippers creates complex logistical and security challenges. Second, the month of Ramadan is a time of a heightened emotional and religious...
Media type: Database | Topics: Data Analytics Center, Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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User Guide: INSS Interactive Maps

User Guide: INSS Interactive Maps To the maps page https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to8vyAsA73U To the maps page
Media type: Database | Topics: Data Analytics Center, Hamas and the Gaza Strip, Israeli-Palestinian Relations, Swords of Iron War
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Strategic Alternatives for the Gaza Strip

Editors: Ofer Guterman

Policy Analysis, April 10, 2025

After approximately a year and a half of war in the Gaza Strip, Israel stands at a crossroads and must formulate a relevant strategy regarding the future of the Strip. It faces a rather grim range of alternatives, all problematic in their implications and feasibility: encouraging “voluntary emigration”—an option whose strategic consequences have not been thoroughly examined in Israel and whose feasibility is low; occupying the Strip and imposing prolonged military rule—while this may severely weaken Hamas, it does not guarantee its...
Media type: Policy Papers | Topics: Hamas and the Gaza Strip, Israeli-Palestinian Relations, Swords of Iron War
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Where Are the Vectors in the Gaza Strip Leading?

Udi Dekel

INSS Insight No. 1969, March 30, 2025

The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) conducted a simulation to examine the possible implications of a situation in which Israel, Hamas, the United States, and other actors in the Middle East find themselves at a decision-making crossroads due to a disagreement over the second phase of the hostage release framework. The simulation illustrated the strategic complexity of the situation in the Gaza Strip, the negotiations surrounding the release of Israeli hostages held by Hamas, and the path toward ending the war. The...
Media type: INSS Insight | Topics: Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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NO, to a Palestinian State or a “One-State” Reality Without a Jewish Majority; YES, to the Establishment of a Palestinian Entity with Limited Sovereignty (PELS)

Udi Dekel

INSS Insight No. 1964, March 25, 2025

Although the concept of conflict management led to the events of October 7, Israel is still entrenched in the approach of “indefinite conflict management.” Its conduct results in control over all dimensions and aspects of the Palestinian population in the West Bank (and possibly also in the Gaza Strip), which in practice would constitute a “one-state” reality between the Jordan River and the sea. Since the “two states for two peoples” framework, which includes a fully sovereign Palestinian state, is not feasible in the...
Media type: INSS Insight | Topics: Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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Interactive Map: IDF’s operations in Gaza

Stephane Cohen, Mora Deitch

Maps, March 24, 2025

On October 7, 2023, Israel was subjected to a large-scale surprise attack launched by Hamas and additional terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip. During the assault, approximately 6,000 terrorists infiltrated Israeli communities near the border and IDF bases in the area, while 4,300 rockets were simultaneously launched into Israel’s civilian hinterland. The attack resulted in the murder of 1,163 Israelis and the abduction of 251 others. Since then, The IDF has dismantled Hamas’ military capabilities—striking over 44,000...
Media type: Database | Topics: Data Analytics Center, Hamas and the Gaza Strip, Israeli-Palestinian Relations, Swords of Iron War
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The Palestinian Authority’s Attempt to Resolve Its Rivalry with Hamas

Yohanan Tzoreff

INSS Insight No. 1961, March 18, 2025

The growing criticism of Hamas following the October 7 massacre and the significant damage it has caused to the Palestinian cause are pushing the debate between Hamas and Fatah toward a resolution. Abu Mazen is taking advantage of the situation and attempting to accelerate reforms that he previously rejected, in order to prevent the “elimination” of the Palestinian issue—meaning its removal from the agenda—and to shape what will happen the day after. The Arab states that seek a settlement and strive for dialogue with the West see eye...
Media type: INSS Insight | Topics: Israeli-Palestinian Relations
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  • Research

    • Topics
      • Israel and the Global Powers
      • Israel-United States Relations
      • Glazer Israel-China Policy Center
      • Russia
      • Europe
      • Iran and the Shi'ite Axis
      • War with Iran
      • Iran
      • Lebanon and Hezbollah
      • Syria
      • Yemen and the Houthi Movement
      • Iraq and the Iraqi Shiite Militias
      • Conflict to Agreements
      • Israeli-Palestinian Relations
      • Hamas and the Gaza Strip
      • Peace Agreements and Normalization in the Middle East
      • Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States
      • Turkey
      • Egypt
      • Jordan
      • Israel’s National Security Policy
      • Military and Strategic Affairs
      • Societal Resilience and the Israeli Society
      • Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel
      • Climate, Infrastructure and Energy
      • Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict
      • Cross-Arena Research
      • Data Analytics Center
      • Law and National Security
      • Advanced Technologies and National Security
      • Cognitive Warfare
      • Economics and National Secutiry
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      • Preventing the Slide into a One-State Reality
      • Contemporary Antisemitism in the United States
      • Perceptions about Jews and Israel in the Arab-Muslim World and Their Impact on the West
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