Danny Citrinowicz

A joint publication by the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) and the FakeReporter research initiative

As various Latin American nations harden their stance against Tehran and Hezbollah, Brazil under the Lula administration is emerging as the continent’s weakest link. How do religious education, criminal intermediaries, and cryptocurrency networks converge into an infrastructure that poses a security threat?

The mechanics behind the Iranian method of sanction evasion via digital currencies

A joint INSS-ISIR (Somaliland) study: How the Yemenite threat impacts Jerusalem and Hargeisa, and how to address the shared challenge

Iran’s use of missile launches, public messaging, and digital activity to create a cumulative effect of deterrence, attrition, and demoralization

In recent years—and with greater intensity since the collapse of the Iran nuclear agreement and the widening rift between Iran and Western states, foremost among them the E3 [France, Germany, the United Kingdon] and the United States—the Iranian regime has sought to expand its activity across the African continent, in parallel to moves by Russia, China, Turkey, and the Gulf states in this arena. Iran’s actions, particularly with respect to its growing security foothold in Africa, heighten the threat to Israel emanating from the continent and require Israel to develop an integrated strategy that will reduce Iran’s ability to leverage Africa for its own ends. In October 2025, the Institute for National Security Studies convened a symposium to analyze the activities of Iran and other regional and global actors on the African continent, with the goal of assessing the implications of this activity for Israel’s national security and providing recommendations for Israel’s political and security leadership. These recommendations are intended to enhance Israel’s ability to address the evolving challenges in Africa stemming from Iran’s activities and those of other major powers on the continent.