Publications
Cyber, Intelligence, and Security, Volume 2, No. 2, December 2018

The combination of structural vagueness embodied in large cyber operations and their potential to cause real damage makes cyberspace the ideal field of action for Saudi Arabia and Iran and matches their strategic outlook and their concept of the use of force. The risk and the opportunity that cyberspace offers to each of these countries make it tempting, particularly when it concerns the long-term investment of resources. Cyberspace can therefore be expected to become another central arena of conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran, given the limitations of conventional force.
The opinions expressed in INSS publications are the authors’ alone.