Iran poses a series of long term and short term challenges to Israel. On the strategic level, the nuclear program and its ramifications is at the foreground, alongside the advanced missile program, both of which constitute a major strategic threat to Israel’s national security.
In the regional arena, Iran has, over the past decade, consolidated and deepened its presence and influence in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, and Yemen. The focus for the coming years will be Israel’s need to contend with Iran’s continued entrenchment in Syria and Lebanon and the potential for direct confrontation between them in these arenas. In parallel, there are indications that an Iranian threat could emerge from the territory of western Iraq, by arming Iraqi, pro-Iranian militias with surface-to-surface missiles.
For a deeper understanding of the challenges Iran poses to Israel, the Iran research field monitors its nuclear, regional, and international activities, as well as developments in the internal arena and their implications for the political balance of power in the Iranian regime. In addition, given the central role played by the Supreme Leader, the Iran research field also analyzes the implications of events on the succession process expected following the current leader’s departure.
All these fields of interest constitute the basis for ongoing research, as well as for policy recommendations that are proposed to the senior political echelon. The Iran research field maintains ties with leading research institutes around the world, conducts simulations with Israeli and foreign entities, maintains regular brainstorming forums with experts from the academic and governmental community, and conducts regular briefings for foreign diplomats serving in Israel, as well as for journalists from Israel and abroad.
On June 13, 2025, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion ("Am KeLavi") targeting Iran's missile and nuclear program.
This interactive map highlights the locations of direct attacks on Iranian territory attributed to Israel, along with Iran's key military and nuclear facilities.
The map is updated regularly and as accurately as possible, based on open-source intelligence assessments and media reports.
The Need to Reexamine the Concept of the “Shiite Axis”
Following the collapse of the Assad regime, Hezbollah’s erosion, and increasing pressures on the Shiite militias, is there still a cohesive “Shiite axis” under Tehran’s strategic guidance?
The Role of Ideology in the Conduct of Islamist Actors
Hamas’ attack on October 7, 2023, reopened the debate on the role of revolutionary ideology in the decision-making of radical Islamic actors. On November 6, 2024, the Institute for National Security Studies held a professional forum to discuss lessons, insights, and implications regarding the function of revolutionary religious ideology in the conduct of Islamist actors during the multi-front campaign over the past year. While the forum expressed broad consensus on the importance of ideology in shaping actions, disagreements emerged regarding the need for a paradigm shift on the approach to revolutionary ideological actors, given the lessons of the war and the impact of the regional war.