By Executive Director of INSS Maj. Gen. (res.) Tamir Hayman
In the six months since October 7, despite the considerable operational achievements on the battlefield in the Gaza Strip, none of the war's objectives have yet been fully achieved. A total of 133 hostages are still being held in Gaza, and Hamas has not yet been decisively defeated. The war against Hamas is waning, as was expected at this stage, and even an operation in Rafah will not significantly change this trend. This decline in the war can lead to weariness, accompanied by discouragement, disappointment, and frustration. At the same time, however, this situation may present a series of opportunities—detailed and nuanced in this document—that will improve Israel’s security situation over time.
The document, written by researchers at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), recommends a series of strategic decisions that the political echelon should adopt to improve Israel’s strategic situation and prevent significant potential damage. INSS recommends exploiting the tactical-operational fatigue in the war to achieve strategic gains, with an extensive and long-term view of Israel’s status in the world and in the Middle East in particular. This should be done while demanding substantial concessions in exchange for the price Israel has been paying since the beginning of the war—currently without any reciprocity.
Admittedly, these are not the recommendations we would have made had the State of Israel not been in the complex situation it finds itself in. The recommendations in this document were formulated in the absence of other good alternatives. They are not perfect, and we recognize their shortcomings.
The challenge for Israel’s leaders at this time is to do the right thing for Israel’s history, not to achieve immediate short-term tactical gains. At this point in time, we must do everything in our power to improve the country’s strategic situation, seize the opportunities at hand, and act according to the priorities of Israel’s national security and its citizens.
Table of Contents:
This part includes the main policy recommendations of the Institute for National Security Studies.
The Strategic Problem: Slipping into a prolonged and static war of attrition, which reduces the chances of returning Israeli hostages held by Hamas and replacing Hamas’s rule in the Gaza Strip, also jeopardizes the special relationship with the United States, undermines the security of the country’s borders, and leads to Israel’s isolation in the regional and international arena....
It is recommended that the Palestinian Authority, renewed following comprehensive reforms, be the civilian alternative to Hamas. Security responsibility will remain in the hands of Israel...
We must strive for a deal that will lead to the release of the hostages, and quickly, even at the price of declaring an end to the war....
A humanitarian catastrophe in the Gaza Strip must be avoided, and the regulation of humanitarian aid should be integrated into the process of establishing an alternative civilian entity to Hamas while preventing the aid from falling into the hands of the organization.....
The recommendation to cease the current campaign and transition to a different operational mode does not prevent action in Rafah but requires adopting a different course of action and timing that serves the guiding strategic concept...
The strengthening of Israel’s national resilience will enable the continued functional continuity and rapid recovery from the collective trauma toward prosperity and growth...
The formation and cohesion of the resistance front composed of the Iranian Shiite axis and the Palestinian resistance organizations eroded Israeli deterrence and increased the sense of dangerous self-confidence among Israel’s enemies...
The American stance alongside Israel in the “Swords of Iron” war is unprecedented, except perhaps for the support the United States provided to Israel during the Yom Kippur War...
The State of Israel is facing one of its most challenging periods, both in terms of its international standing and domestic situation. It is difficult to envision an improvement in this reality without taking decisions for action, in response to the array of challenges it faces...
The opinions expressed in INSS publications are the authors’ alone.
Habbou Ramez/ABACA via Reuters Connect and REUTERS (modified by INSS)
De-Hamasification of the Gaza Strip: Learning from Western and Arab Models of Deradicalization
The radicalization of Palestinian society in the Gaza Strip is not a new phenomenon, but the process has accelerated and deepened dramatically since Hamas’ takeover of the territory in 2007. Under its rule, an extremist religious-nationalist ideology has been systematically embedded across all spheres of Gaza life—from education and religious institutions to welfare and the media—producing a profound “Hamasification” of public consciousness.
The war that erupted on October 7 brought unprecedented ruin to the Gaza Strip, both physically and institutionally, posing a monumental reconstruction challenge, but also a rare historic opportunity. This memorandum argues that military disarmament and physical rehabilitation alone will not ensure long-term security and stability, and that a far deeper process of “de-Hamasifcation” is required: dismantling Hamas’ ideological and institutional hegemony and replacing it with a more moderate civic and normative infrastructure.
The study presents a comparative analysis of Western and Arab deradicalization models and finds that Western approaches—such as those implemented in Germany and Japan—struggle to provide an adequate response to Gaza’s cultural and political context. Instead, we propose adopting operational principles drawn from contemporary Arab models, particularly the “civic-transformative” model applied in the Gulf states, which combines a firm crackdown on extremist actors with re-education toward religious tolerance and broad-based economic rehabilitation.
The paper outlines an integrative strategy encompassing sustained security demilitarization, the mobilization of an Arab coalition to provide religious and political legitimacy, and the establishment of a credible political horizon as a counterweight to the ethos of “resistance.” Only the combination of these elements can generate a viable governing and ideological alternative to Hamas and lead to a more stable long-term security environment for the State of Israel.
05/02/26
REUTERS / Jonathan Ernst
Trump’s Board of Peace: An Initiative for the Gaza Strip or an Alternative to the UN?
What is the mission of the international board established by the US president as part of his plan to end the war in the Gaza Strip—and what are the implications of Trump’s move?
04/02/26
From Jihad to Justice: Hamas’s Outreach to the International Arena
Rebranding as “freedom fighters,” shifting responsibility and blame, and appropriating the language of international law: examining Hamas’s appeal to the Western world through war-summary document
