INSS conducts research in the multiplicity of fields that comprise security studies and impact on strategic issues relating to Israel's national security. Basic research complements analysis of issues of the day. The practical application of INSS research takes the form of "out of the box" thinking and the design of policy options for decision makers in government, the defense establishment, the strategic community, and the private sector. Research is conducted by a unique mix of academics, strategists, and practitioners from government, the military, diplomatic corps, and other relevant fields.

Since its founding, the Institute has conducted intensive research in fields traditionally associated with Israel’s national security: the Middle East strategic region; Israel’s security doctrine; the Israel-Palestinian conflict; the Arab world; arms control and regional security; terrorism and low-intensity conflict; and US-Israel relations. Over the years focus has expanded beyond the immediate region, to China, Russia, Europe, and to new fields, such as societal resilience, economics, lawfare, cyber, energy, climate change, and others.

The books written by INSS researchers are published by leading university presses and commercial publishers. The Strategic Survey for Israel series is an annual survey of major developments that impact on Israel's strategic environment, and is the basis for a net assessment  for decision makers in Israel. Memoranda are analytical monographs with policy-relevant implications. INSS also publishes the quarterly Strategic AssessmentINSS Insight, a quick response to timely events; and ongoing commentary on social media. All publications are available in English and Hebrew. The INSS podcast series, in English and Hebrew versions, offers weekly audio-visual analysis of unfolding events by INSS researchers and select guests.

In order to safeguard the intellectual freedom of the staff, INSS maintains a strict position of non-partisanship on issues of public policy. The opinions expressed in any of the INSS publications are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its trustees, officers, other staff members, or the organizations and individuals that support its research. Thus, the publication of a work by INSS signifies that it is deemed worthy of public consideration, but does not imply endorsement of conclusions or recommendations.